{"id":5110,"date":"2024-06-19T15:19:40","date_gmt":"2024-06-19T13:19:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.benvenuto.it\/rilegatura-a-piombo-una-tecnica-antica-che-necessita-di-interventi-di-restauro-nel-tempo-affinche-mantenga-il-suo-splendore\/"},"modified":"2025-05-28T17:44:54","modified_gmt":"2025-05-28T15:44:54","slug":"lead-binding-a-technique-that-needs-restoration","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.benvenuto.it\/en\/lead-binding-a-technique-that-needs-restoration\/","title":{"rendered":"LEAD BINDING: AN ANCIENT TECHNIQUE THAT NEEDS TIMELY RESTORATION TO MAINTAIN ITS BEAUTY."},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"5110\" class=\"elementor elementor-5110 elementor-3069\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f886ef3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default parallax_section_no qode_elementor_container_no\" data-id=\"f886ef3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5f9474d\" data-id=\"5f9474d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7efda58 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7efda58\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lead binding is <strong>a very ancient technique of medieval origin<\/strong>. It goes back to the first <strong>churches of Central Europe<\/strong> in which there were openings designed to allow the light to llet in. These openings have been, over time, closed with the <strong>placement of coloured glass<\/strong>. Initially, it was probably just pieces of stained glass to make sure that the light created a certain atmosphere inside the place of worship.<br \/>These pieces of glass were <strong>held together by lead rods<\/strong> which, I imagine, were <strong>welded or poured in place<\/strong>, so that they could hold the glasses together.<br \/>The evolution of this technique took place with the <strong>great gothic cathedrals in 1300-1500<\/strong> always in Central Europe. Here in Italy, the <strong>Duomo of Milan<\/strong> is a magnificent example.<br \/>The technique of lead binding is closely linked to the technique of painting the glass with <em>grisaille<\/em>, earthy dusts that create shadows so that you can draw subjects and make iconoclastic representations.<\/p><p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-3075 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/www.benvenuto.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/PIOMBO-e-grisaglie-169x300.jpg\" alt=\"rilegatura a piombo grisaglie\" width=\"169\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.benvenuto.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/PIOMBO-e-grisaglie-169x300.jpg 169w, https:\/\/www.benvenuto.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/PIOMBO-e-grisaglie-576x1024.jpg 576w, https:\/\/www.benvenuto.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/PIOMBO-e-grisaglie-768x1365.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.benvenuto.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/PIOMBO-e-grisaglie-864x1536.jpg 864w, https:\/\/www.benvenuto.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/PIOMBO-e-grisaglie-700x1244.jpg 700w, https:\/\/www.benvenuto.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/PIOMBO-e-grisaglie.jpg 918w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 169px) 100vw, 169px\" \/>The <em>grisaille<\/em>, and therefore the figurative representation, becomes the protagonist in the stained glass. The technique of binding, however, is also fundamental to bring out the painted glass.<br \/>As for the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.benvenuto.it\/tiffany-non-una-semplice-tecnica-di-unione-di-vetri\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Tiffany technique<\/a>, <strong>there are dimensional limits<\/strong>, but also in this case they are related to the dimensions of the painted glasses, their shape and therefore the lead lines that can, in certain cases, cut the figures.<br \/><strong>A balance is needed between the size of the painted subject and experience in working with glass and lead.<\/strong><br \/>You must create something that gives the maximum aesthetic sense and, at the same time, the maximum safety on the glass.<br \/>The technique of lead binding is performed, today as before, <strong>with an &#8220;H&#8221; profile<\/strong> that limits and obliges to define the lines of interruption of the painted subject, precisely because it is made on glass. At the points where the lead joins, which intersect, welding of <strong>tin and zinc alloy to give rigidity<\/strong>. The latter is further obtained by means of <strong>iron rods<\/strong> that, positioned externally to the glass, then not on the side visible but on the back, drawing horizontal straight lines that begin and end on the frame containing the glass, are welded in the lead with copper wire which is knotted on the rod itself creating ties. If the latter were not present, lead, which is extremely malleable and deformed over time, would collapse from top to bottom under the weight of glass. Within a year, or even less, the stained glass window would collapse.<\/p><div id=\"attachment_3074\" style=\"width: 250px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3074\" class=\"wp-image-3074 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/www.benvenuto.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/piombo-2-RESTAURO-Prima-240x300.jpg\" alt=\"restauro rilegatura a piombo prima\" width=\"240\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.benvenuto.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/piombo-2-RESTAURO-Prima-240x300.jpg 240w, https:\/\/www.benvenuto.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/piombo-2-RESTAURO-Prima-819x1024.jpg 819w, https:\/\/www.benvenuto.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/piombo-2-RESTAURO-Prima-768x960.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.benvenuto.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/piombo-2-RESTAURO-Prima-700x875.jpg 700w, https:\/\/www.benvenuto.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/piombo-2-RESTAURO-Prima.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 240px) 100vw, 240px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-3074\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">restauro di una vetrata con rilegatura a piombo &#8211; PRIMA Restoration of a stained glass window with lead binding &#8211; BEFORE<\/p><\/div><p>This technique therefore requires <strong>restoration over time<\/strong>. A restoration project we conducted was that of the roller windows of the apses of the <strong>church of San Nicol\u00f2 in Treviso<\/strong>.<br \/>The<strong> roller windows are formed by mouth-blown glass discs<\/strong> and aligned in a linear design. In this type of geometric glass window, it is easier that, if the ligaments are consumed, the glass has an accordion effect, precisely because it consists of lines and not drawings that can, in a certain sense, better support the structure.<br \/>The restoration that we undertook was <strong>conservative<\/strong> and necessary because, since the post-war period, time had acted on the windows compromising their stability.<\/p><div id=\"attachment_3073\" style=\"width: 250px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3073\" class=\"wp-image-3073 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/www.benvenuto.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Piombo-2-RESTAURO-Dopo-240x300.jpg\" alt=\"restauro rilegatura a piombo\" width=\"240\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.benvenuto.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Piombo-2-RESTAURO-Dopo-240x300.jpg 240w, https:\/\/www.benvenuto.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Piombo-2-RESTAURO-Dopo-819x1024.jpg 819w, https:\/\/www.benvenuto.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Piombo-2-RESTAURO-Dopo-768x960.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.benvenuto.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Piombo-2-RESTAURO-Dopo-700x875.jpg 700w, https:\/\/www.benvenuto.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Piombo-2-RESTAURO-Dopo.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 240px) 100vw, 240px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-3073\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">restauro di una vetrata con rilegatura a piombo &#8211; DOPO Restoration of a stained glass window with lead binding &#8211; AFTER<\/p><\/div><p>We tried to<strong> reuse, as much as possible, the existing material<\/strong> by restoring the broken glass, put back in safety the stained glass through the ligatures and renewed the lead where it had been consumed. Lead may sometimes become thin like a sheet of paper due to the weather.<br \/>In this restoration there were no grisaille but, if they had been there would have been a very delicate intervention. I remember a small example at the <strong>Abbey of Vedana, in Belluno<\/strong>. There the best solvent to be able to clean the windows turned out to be distilled water. In addition to this, there would also be the EDTA, but you need to be very competent in restoration before approaching it.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-04ada93 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default parallax_section_no qode_elementor_container_no\" data-id=\"04ada93\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7432ae1\" data-id=\"7432ae1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c9bdec3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"c9bdec3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/www.benvenuto.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/PIOMBO-1-restauro-DOPO-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail wp-image-4208\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.benvenuto.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/PIOMBO-1-restauro-DOPO-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.benvenuto.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/PIOMBO-1-restauro-DOPO-500x500.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1fb130d\" data-id=\"1fb130d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-68985a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"68985a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>Restoration is a world of its own, and in some cases I have never gone beyond information. Either you immerse yourself in this reality or leave it to someone who knows how. Based on my experience I can choose whether to manage a restoration or not.<\/em><br \/><em>Vittorio Benvenuto<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Lead binding is a very ancient technique of medieval origin. It goes back to the first churches of Central Europe in which there were openings designed to allow the light to llet in. These openings have been, over time, closed with the placement of coloured&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":4204,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[243,233],"tags":[249,250,251,252],"class_list":["post-5110","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-approfondimenti-en","category-case-studies-en","tag-chiese-en","tag-piombo-en","tag-restauro-en","tag-vetrate-en"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>LEAD BINDING: AN ANCIENT TECHNIQUE THAT NEEDS TIMELY RESTORATION TO MAINTAIN ITS BEAUTY. - Benvenuto Mastri Vetrai<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The lead binding, a technique of medieval origin whose evolution took place with the great gothic cathedrals. 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